While the London and New York sessions often steal the spotlight with their high volume and volatility, astute forex traders know that significant opportunities begin when the market first awakens in the East. The Asian session, often referred to as the Tokyo session, sets the initial tone for the trading day, offering unique characteristics and strategic possibilities.
Understanding how to navigate this period is crucial for any comprehensive trading plan. For those seeking to capitalize on early market movements or trade during hours that better suit their personal schedule, mastering the Asian session is not just an option—it's an advantage.
Understanding the Asian Session
What is the Asian Session?
The Asian session is the first of the three major forex trading sessions to open, kicking off the global market's 24-hour cycle. It runs from approximately 23:00 to 08:00 GMT, though times can shift with daylight saving changes. While often called the “Tokyo session” because Tokyo is the largest financial hub during this time, it also encompasses other major centers like Sydney, Singapore, and Hong Kong.
Key Characteristics of the Asian Session
This session is generally known for its relatively lower liquidity and volatility compared to its European and North American counterparts. Key characteristics include:
Consolidation: After the volatility of the previous New York close, prices often enter a period of consolidation. This can lead to more predictable, range-bound markets.
Setting the Tone: The price action during the Asian session often establishes key support and resistance levels that traders in later sessions will watch closely.
News-Driven Spikes: While overall volatility is lower, major economic data releases from Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and China can cause significant, albeit often short-lived, price spikes.
Time Zones and Market Openings
The session is not a single monolithic block but a series of overlapping market openings. The general flow begins with Sydney opening first, followed by Tokyo, then Hong Kong and Singapore. This progression helps build liquidity as the session unfolds.
Major Currency Pairs and Their Behavior
Popular Currency Pairs Traded
The most actively traded pairs are those directly influenced by the economies open for business. Look for movement in:
USD/JPY: As the currency of the region's largest economy, the Japanese Yen sees its highest volume. The Bank of Japan's influence is paramount.
AUD/USD & NZD/USD: The Australian and New Zealand Dollars are major players, heavily influenced by commodity prices and domestic economic data.
Yen Crosses: Pairs like AUD/JPY, NZD/JPY, and EUR/JPY are popular as they combine the session's main currency with other majors, often exhibiting clear trends or ranges.
CNH: The offshore Chinese Yuan is important to watch, as news from China can have a ripple effect across the entire APAC region.
Typical Volatility and Liquidity
Expect thinner markets. This means that major pairs like EUR/USD and GBP/USD may drift sideways with little direction. However, this lower liquidity can also mean that a single large order or a significant news event can move the market more dramatically than it would during the London session. Therefore, tight risk management is essential.
Factors Influencing Currency Movements
Movement is primarily driven by regional factors:
Economic Data: Key releases such as GDP, employment figures, trade balance, and inflation data from Japan, Australia, and China are market movers.
Central Bank Activity: Announcements and press conferences from the Bank of Japan (BoJ) and the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) are the most critical events.
Geopolitical Risk: Tensions in the Asia-Pacific region can trigger risk-on or risk-off sentiment, impacting pairs like AUD/JPY (a classic risk barometer).
Trading Strategies for the Asian Session
The unique conditions of the Asian session call for specific strategies tailored to its environment.
Range Trading Strategies
Given the tendency for consolidation, range trading is a go-to strategy. This involves:
* Identifying clear support and resistance levels on lower time frames (e.g., 15-minute or 1-hour charts).
* Selling near resistance and buying near support.
* Using oscillators like the RSI or Stochastics to identify overbought and oversold conditions can complement this approach.
Breakout Strategies
Breakouts often occur for two primary reasons: a major news release or the period leading into the London open. Traders can place entry orders above key resistance or below key support levels established during the session, anticipating a surge in volume as European traders come online.
Carry Trade Opportunities
During particularly quiet periods, the Asian session can be conducive to carry trades. This involves buying a high-interest-rate currency against a low-interest-rate one (e.g., buying AUD/JPY) to profit from the interest rate differential, or ‘swap'. This is a longer-term strategy but can be initiated during the calm of this session.
Risk Management Considerations
Never underestimate this session. The lower liquidity can lead to ‘flash crashes' or severe slippage around news events. Always use a stop-loss and consider using smaller position sizes than you would in more liquid sessions.
Influence on Other Forex Sessions
The Asian session is not an isolated event; its footprint is visible throughout the entire trading day.
Impact on the London and New York Sessions
The high and low points of the Asian session are critical psychological levels. European and American traders will often look to these levels to either confirm a trend or to position for a reversal. A breakout of the ‘Asian Range' is a very common strategy for London session traders.
Overlapping Sessions and Increased Volatility
The final hours of the Asian session overlap with the opening of the London session (approx. 07:00 to 08:00 GMT). This handover period often sees a significant increase in liquidity and volatility, presenting a prime window for breakout trading opportunities as a new wave of capital enters the market.
Using Asian Session Data to Predict Later Market Movements
The sentiment established in Asia can often set the narrative for the rest of the day. A strong risk-on move (e.g., AUD/JPY rising) or risk-off move (e.g., USD/JPY falling) can signal the prevailing mood that might carry over into subsequent sessions.
Tips for Trading the Asian Session
Stay Updated on Asian Economic News: Keep a close eye on an economic calendar. Be aware of when data from China, Japan, and Australia is scheduled for release. These are the catalysts for movement.
Choose the Right Broker: Your broker should offer tight spreads on JPY and AUD pairs. Reliable execution is a must, especially given the potential for lower liquidity.
Adapt Your Strategy: Be prepared to switch from a range-trading mindset to a breakout or trend-following mindset if a major news event injects volatility into the market. Flexibility is key to success in this session.
